A virtually infinite array of new discoveries are bringing increasingly evident transformations to all that we do, how we live, how all of us relate to each other, ourselves and the world. To think about this new time, it is necessary to experience the vertigo of placing our mind at risk. We are immersed in a comparatively new context of existence. A new humanity is being built, and it will thus represent a new society and a unique conception of what (...) a person is. We have established ourselves as the cities we pass through daily, as sets of flows, relations of power and strengths. Like a city, we are also information networks; power fields constantly brought into play, as we connect with spaces in an imbricated and interdependent way. We are a kind of species that, in face of its desire, is capable of putting this very existence at risk; of suicidal artists, kamikazes, who risk themselves and the planet. What is the specificity of this species? What is the possible (psycho)analysis? The aim of this article is to present and articulate the current changes and the absolute artificialism of our species in the transformation of its corporeity that devours and appropriates whatever presents itself, and which produces means and prostheses for the compulsive realization of our fantasies; new realities that increasingly appear on the horizon and affect our daily lives. The mind at risk is the state that enables the craziness of any act of creation. (shrink)

Michel de Montaigne, el reconocido autor de Los ensayos, ha sido interpretado como un escéptico y, más en concreto, como un defensor del fideísmo escéptico; lectura que tiene su origen principal en la interpretación de B. Pascal. El artículo pretendereexaminar tanto la cuestión del fideísmo como la del escepticismo presente en Los ensayos, para concluir que quizá la interpretación de Pascal, que todavía perdura, se basa en un “desvío” involuntario o intencionado, pero en todo caso creativo y fértil.

A compreensão originária da paidéia grega sempre acompanha a formação de educadores e de pesquisadores em Educação. Trata-se de um tema que nos remete às origens da Educação e da compreensão do discurso filosófico e político sobre a Educação e suas dimensões. Apresenta-se a paidéia como princípio fundante voltado para o entendimento da formação social, política e cultural do povo grego a partir da problemática em torno da constituição histórica e filosófica dessa matriz Educacional. O objetivo foi abordar sobre os (...) ideais de alguns filósofos e educadores que contribuíram para o pensamento do modelo grego de educação, entre outros aspectos, para a elaboração conceitual caracterizando e contextualizando-os em seu tempo e espaço histórico. Este artigo foi desenvolvido por pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico. Entre as contribuições desse estudo, estão os conceitos e fundamentos da arete e da paidéia, que direcionaram ou foram direcionados a pensar uma educação para a vida na pólis, portanto, para a vida em sociedade de maneira universalizada, por meio de uma educação com base na cientificidade, na virtude, na política. A essência da educação grega está na sua própria cultura e organização política que vai sendo evidenciada pela sociedade em praticamente três milênios. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta os principais resultados do projeto de pesquisa “Mídia Cidadã e Desenvolvimento Sustentável: mapeamento e análise de rádios comunitárias em áreas de pressão socioambiental na Amazônia”, que busca entender a dimensão e o papel potencial das rádios comunitárias nos embates discursivos pelo desenvolvimento da região amazônica. O objeto da investigação são rádios comunitárias situadas em áreas de potencial conflito socioambiental na Amazônia Legal, o que inclui disputas por território ou pelo uso de recursos naturais, considerando-se grandes obras (...) de impacto, mas também Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas nos noves estados da região. Como produto central do projeto foi gerada uma cartografia digital sobre comunicação cidadã e desenvolvimento sustentável na região, na perspectiva de gerar insumos para o fortalecimento da comunicação comunitária como espaço de contra-hegemonia midiática e consequente empoderamento de grupos locais nas decisões que afetem seu bem-estar. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente la conceptualización del tópico persona se ha circunscrito a ámbitos como la teología, la filosofía o la antropología. Sin embargo, la incorporación del tópico a gran parte de los textos de naturaleza política, así como en las declaraciones de derechos y tratados internacionales adoptados a partir de la II Guerra Mundial ha supuesto la constitucionalización del mismo. Consecuentemente, como término constitucional su interpretación queda a merced de los actores jurídicos designados para ello en el sistema político constitucional. Es por (...) ello, que, con el fin de determinar el contenido de significado actual del tópico ha de atenderse a las sentencias que interpretan la norma fundante. En este artículo, centramos nuestro estudio en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Español. Esto nos permite poner de relieve el concepto de persona en ellas contenido: su alcance y sus limitaciones. (shrink)

Resenha de Arruzza, C. A Wolf in the City: Tyranny and the Tyrant in Plato’s Republic.

Este artículo se propone mostrar que el significado de aisthesis para Protágoras responde al uso y significación de la filosofía jónica, esto es, aún significa indistintamente juicio, sensación, emoción, creencia, en fin, doxa. Esto tiene una consecuencia muy relevante para la comprensión del homo mensura y la tesis que afirma: aisthesis es episteme.

The question around foreigners and their obligation to respect and fulfil the national - or civil - norms of the territory where they are; has become due the migration and multicultural movements once again a key one. Addressed by a multitude of authors along the centuries, the question has been answered based on the different placements around juridical and political concepts like citizenship, sovereignty, authority or law. In this investigation, the doctrinal development carried out around the obligatory nature of the (...) civil norm for foreigners in Spanish scholasticism is going to be considered. Specifically, due to its thoroughness and depth, the doctrine done by Francisco Suarez is going to be critically analysed. Once the answer given in our author's doctrine to the question posed has been established, we will consider the possible influences in the Anglo-Saxon sphere. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone mostrar que el significado de aisthesis para Protágoras responde al uso y significación de la filosofía jónica, esto es, aún significa indistintamente juicio, sensación, emoción, creencia, en fin, doxa. Esto tiene una consecuencia muy relevante para la comprensión del homo mensura y la tesis que afirma: aisthesis es episteme.

The figure of chiasmus, which plays a key role inside Merleau-Ponty’s thought, makes it possible to address the way Castoriadis defines the imaginary throughout his entire work from a new perspective, as well as to shed light on some complexities concerning the relation between instituted and instituting. Tthis article emphasizes the intertwining of three pair of concepts, each of which corresponds to a different but yet interrelated aspect of his philosophy: psyche-society, tradition-innovation, and autonomy-heteronomy.

Formas de representación de la violencia en El vuelo del tigre y Libro de navíos y borrascas de Daniel Moyano.

Sketch and Drive. The Gaze in Merleau-PontyIn Seminar XI (The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis), Jacques Lacan interrupts the first session, which was to be devoted to the Freudian notion of the drive, in order to consider not this fundamental concept of psychoanalysis, but the way in which Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in his posthumous book, The Visible and the Invisible, approaches the idea of the subject and how he points to the divergence between the eye and the gaze. Lacan sees in (...) Merleau-Ponty’s thesis concerning the gaze, a certain analogy with what Freud called the death drive. But, concerning voyance, Lacan wonders if Merleau-Ponty does not fall back into a Platonic imaginary of an ultra-gaze from which each body would issue. But or task now is to show that Merleau-Ponty remained faithful to the fact that the gaze cannot really be explained and that his philosophy of the flesh has not reduced the diverse dimension of experience to a central power of constitution. In order to apprehend better the notion of the flesh, we shall bring into play Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the Gestalt, which will allow us to show how, for Merleau-Ponty, the drive is always an irreducible alterity that stops the indivision of the whole from being able to be experienced as a synthesis.Adombramento e pulsione. Lo sguardo in Merleau-PontyNel seminario XI (I quattro concetti della psicoanalisi), Jacques Lacan sospende la prima seduta dedicata alla discussione della nozione freudiana di pulsione, per esaminare non il concetto fondamentale della psicoanalisi ma la maniera in cui Maurice Merleau-Ponty, nel suo libro postumo Il visibile e l’invisibile, affronta il tema e mostra lo scarto che esiste tra occhio e sguardo. Lacan scorge nella tesi di Merleau-Ponty concernente lo sguardo una certa analogia con ciò che Freud ha chiamato pulsione di morte. Ma, a proposito della voyance, Lacan si chiede se Merleau-Ponty non ricada in fondo nell’immaginario platonico di un ultra-sguardo dal quale dovrebbe provenire ogni corpo. Il nostro intento è quindi mostrare che Merleau-Ponty è rimasto fedele alla concezione dell’inesplicabilità dello sguardo estraneo e che allo stesso modo la sua filosofia della carne non ha ridotto le diverse dimensioni dell’esperienza ad un potere centrale di costituzione. Per meglio comprendere la nozione di carne faremo appello alla teoria merleau-pontiana della Gestalt, la quale ci permetterà di mostrare come, per il filosofo, la pulsione sia sempre un’alterità irreducibile tale da impedire che l’indivisione del tutto possa talvolta essere vissuta come sintesi. (shrink)

Sketch and Drive. The Gaze in Merleau-PontyIn Seminar XI (The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis), Jacques Lacan interrupts the first session, which was to be devoted to the Freudian notion of the drive, in order to consider not this fundamental concept of psychoanalysis, but the way in which Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in his posthumous book, The Visible and the Invisible, approaches the idea of the subject and how he points to the divergence between the eye and the gaze. Lacan sees in (...) Merleau-Ponty’s thesis concerning the gaze, a certain analogy with what Freud called the death drive. But, concerning voyance, Lacan wonders if Merleau-Ponty does not fall back into a Platonic imaginary of an ultra-gaze from which each body would issue. But or task now is to show that Merleau-Ponty remained faithful to the fact that the gaze cannot really be explained and that his philosophy of the flesh has not reduced the diverse dimension of experience to a central power of constitution. In order to apprehend better the notion of the flesh, we shall bring into play Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the Gestalt, which will allow us to show how, for Merleau-Ponty, the drive is always an irreducible alterity that stops the indivision of the whole from being able to be experienced as a synthesis.Adombramento e pulsione. Lo sguardo in Merleau-PontyNel seminario XI (I quattro concetti della psicoanalisi), Jacques Lacan sospende la prima seduta dedicata alla discussione della nozione freudiana di pulsione, per esaminare non il concetto fondamentale della psicoanalisi ma la maniera in cui Maurice Merleau-Ponty, nel suo libro postumo Il visibile e l’invisibile, affronta il tema e mostra lo scarto che esiste tra occhio e sguardo. Lacan scorge nella tesi di Merleau-Ponty concernente lo sguardo una certa analogia con ciò che Freud ha chiamato pulsione di morte. Ma, a proposito della voyance, Lacan si chiede se Merleau-Ponty non ricada in fondo nell’immaginario platonico di un ultra-sguardo dal quale dovrebbe provenire ogni corpo. Il nostro intento è quindi mostrare che Merleau-Ponty è rimasto fedele alla concezione dell’inesplicabilità dello sguardo estraneo e che allo stesso modo la sua filosofia della carne non ha ridotto le diverse dimensioni dell’esperienza ad un potere centrale di costituzione. Per meglio comprendere la nozione di carne faremo appello alla teoria merleau-pontiana della Gestalt, la quale ci permetterà di mostrare come, per il filosofo, la pulsione sia sempre un’alterità irreducibile tale da impedire che l’indivisione del tutto possa talvolta essere vissuta come sintesi. (shrink)

In this study I intend to prove that there is a close connection between ethical purposes of Environmental Philosophy as World Philosophy and the idea of sacred nature as part of the “world” in a phenomenological sense, which includes sacred space as defined in the philosophy of religion. The main points that intersect here are: the idea of sacred space; the perception of virtue in a sacred world; the beauty of creation: nature, life, human sensibility. The theoretical background of this (...) study contains points of view that express phenomenological, hermeneutic, theological, and aesthetic conceptions belonging to authors and exegetes such as Mircea Eliade, William E. Paden, David Cave, Ion Ianoși, Douglas Allen, Arnold Berleant, and Vincent Blok. I believe that the neglect of the environment-as-a-condition-of-life (the consequences of which can already be seen in ecological imbalances) is caused by, among other factors, the desacralization of human attitudes towards nature and the world of life. Few people still have a feeling of sacred nature or the aesthetic emotion of perceiving beauty in natural forms. The relationship with the environment and nature is reduced to its exploitation as a source of economic profit or as a way for spending free time, a source of personal comfort devoid of any spiritual significance. Surely we cannot go back to archaic religions or medieval Christianity, but we can reintegrate into our moral values something of those cultures’ admiration and respect for the beauty/sublimity of nature and the world as expressions of divine creation, as something sacred. Philosophical debates related to this retrieval and their dissemination could be part of solving the ecological problems of the contemporary world. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza lo que nos cuentan las imágenes fotográficas en su reverso y en las huellas del verso, a través de las anotaciones, marcas o descripciones que contienen, que entregan información importante de su contexto de producción, de los sujetos u objetos fotografiados y de su trayectoria. Así, se configura un sentido apropiado de la imagen. Este artículo, pone el foco en imágenes fotográficas escolares porque representan un espacio de convivencia particular y de intercambio de experiencias que, en alguna (...) medida, se captura y resguarda en ellas. En los pliegues, en los bordes oscurecidos o desgastados, en los márgenes marchitos y en las marcas de óxido o de otros materiales, es posible también encontrar historias, restos de memorias, afectos y rostros en un contrapunto que va más allá de la motivación del fotógrafo para captar el instante en un encuadre específico. Para el análisis, se presentan algunas imágenes fotográficas pertenecientes al archivo escolar de un centro educativo de la ciudad de Talca en la región del Maule (Chile), pues permiten develar el significado familiar, mnemónico y comunitario que estas adquieren al reunirse en ese repertorio. Este valor igualmente se desprende de la observación del material oculto en el reverso y de las marcas del verso de las imágenes fotográficas. (shrink)

Type 2 diabetes has been considered a public health threat due to its growing prevalence, particularly in the older population. It is important to know the effects of psychosocial stress and its potential consequences for some basic cognitive processes that are important in daily life. Currently, there is very little information about how people with T2D face acute psychosocial stressors, and even less about how their response affects working memory, which is essential for their functionality and independence. Our aim was (...) to characterize the response to an acute laboratory psychosocial stressor and its effects on WM in older people with T2D. Fifty participants with T2D from 52 to 77 years old were randomly assigned to a stress or control condition. Mood and physiological responses to tasks were measured. In addition, participants completed a WM test before and after the stress or control task. Our results showed that the TSST elicited higher negative affect and greater C and sAA responses than the control task. No significant differences in WM were observed depending on the exposure to stress or the control task. Finally, participants who showed higher C and sAA responses to the stressor had lower WM performance. Our results indicate that medically treated older adults with T2D show clear, typical mood and physiological responses to an acute psychosocial stressor. Finally, the lack of acute psychosocial stress effects on WM suggests that it could be related to aging and not to this disease, at least when T2D is adequately treated. (shrink)

Optando por la retórica, Las Casas busca un modelo antropológico nuevo, distinto tanto del humanismo elitista, como del erasmismo voluntarista. En esta búsqueda quisiéramos poner énfasis, argumentando a favor de un resultado revolucionario a la luz de sus objetivos prácticos: cesar el homicidio y garantizar la libertad a los indios en cada aspecto de su vida. Desde aquí, nos referiremos a esta postura revolucionaria que bebe de Aristóteles y de santo Tomás, pero que es capaz de superarlos, a favor de (...) una defensa de lo propiamente humano, que estriba precisamente en reconocer que todas las comunidades tienen la posibilidad de realizarse autónomamente. Por esto, creemos que se puede hallar, en Bartolomé de las Casas, una importante contribución a la cuestión del reconocimiento, pero aún más, un importante punto de partida para los desafíos de una filosofía intercultural. (shrink)

Should Lesbian and women's events have policies banning sadomasochists or sadomasochistic acts? This question is being heatedly debated in the Lesbian community. In this paper, I examine the moral and political problems with sadomasochism from a Lesbian-feminist perspective, concluding that sadomasochism is antifeminist and antiliberatory for many reasons. Then, given this conclusion, I explore how events such as women's music festivals should determine their policies about sadomasochism.

This paper explores the filmic trajectories experienced by the protagonists in two case studies: Lightning Over Water by Nicholas Ray and Wim Wenders, and Sick, The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist by Kirby Dick. In both films, the limitexperience, caused by a disease, becomes an active device, one that produces knowledge for the protagonists. In this radical experience, what is revealed is the link between selfrepresentation and a will to self-destruction, and the normative margins of rationality are questioned. (...) Based on the studies of Jean-Luc Nancy, Jean Baudrillard and Clément Rosset, this essay examines an approach to terminal illness and self-representation both in the context of pain and the voyeuristic process of death as a spectacle. (shrink)

En 1919, la même année où Jean Giraudoux fait son « Adieu à la guerre », il écrit « Les morts d’Elpénor ». En 1926, à côté de trois autres histoires, ce texte intégrera le corps d’Elpénor, déterminant l’ensemble, une collection de quatre textes écrits pendant dix-huit ans, le premier étant « Cyclope », écrit en 1908 ; le deuxième, « Sirènes », en 1912 ; le troisième en 1919 ; et le dernier en 1926, « Les nouvelles morts d’Elpénor (...) ». Quand « Cyclope » et « Sirènes » sortent respectivement chez Le Matin en 1908 et chez Paris-Journal en 1912 aucun d’entre eux ne mentionne Elpénor. Bref, c’est avec le développement des deux dernières histoires, que Elpénor, cette figure effacée chez Homère et absente dans les deux premiers textes de Giraudoux, vole la vedette. Cet article voudrait montrer comment la mise à jour du héros et de ses histoires est en dialogue avec la guerre vécue par l’auteur, pour proposer comment les vieilles histoires, lorsqu’elles sont renouvelées, participent à un processus qui leur permet d’élaborer les défis du présent, communiquant le présent, à travers un code déjà public, l’Odyssée. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es exponer la interpretación de la ideología en la obra_ Trabajo manual y trabajo intelectual. Una crítica de la epistemología_ de Alfred Sohn-Rethel entendida como inconsciente del sujeto transcendental, la cual pivota en torno al famoso término _abstracción real_ [_Realabstraktion_] como principio de síntesis social; y, por otro lado, medir someramente sus _alcances _y_ limitaciones _respecto de las nuevas lecturas de Marx, concretamente, de la crítica de la escisión del valor [_Wertabspaltungskritik_].

Desde mediados del siglo XX, el devenir de la salvaguarda relacionada con las viviendas ha avanzado desde la monumentalidad hasta el contexto, desde la individualización hasta la caracterización paisajística, desde las condiciones materiales hasta los aspectos vivenciales. Sin embargo, amparar el cuerpo de las residencias típicas de cada territorio, en especial en los dinámicos marcos urbanos, resultó —y resulta— un desafío. Las experimentaciones de propuestas hacia un amparo residencial a más largo plazo han coincidido en dos aspectos de interés: la (...) promoción de indicadores de sustentabilidad patrimonial, inscriptos en cada marco estatal-local preservacionista, junto con el reconocimiento y el tratamiento del rol usuario. En este sentido, desde variables histórico-arquitectónicas y sociales se propuso la construcción y la aplicación de indicadores de sustentabilidad patrimonial residencial para visibilizar problemas y potencialidades hacia una formulación de estrategias de preservación apropiadas. Para ello se abordó la ciudad de Mar del Plata, una aglomeración intermedia bonaerense paradigmática debido a sus dinamismos pasados y presentes, con foco en sus chalets “estilo Mar del Plata” y sus usuarios. Se analizaron dos barrios históricos —Stella Maris y La Perla—, donde sobrevive una relevante diversidad de chalets en un marco de múltiples riesgos que afectan su permanencia. Desde una perspectiva principalmente cualitativa, apoyada por datos cuantitativos, se articularon relevamientos in situ, fuentes escritas (investigaciones previas, artículos científicos, cartas patrimoniales), gráficas (planimetrías, fotografías, imágenes aéreas) y orales (encuestas, entrevistas). De esta manera, la indagación desarrollada permitió avanzar en renovados caminos para progresar en la salvaguarda del legado residencial contextual. (shrink)

Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many (...) human diseases; in some cases, independent of its functions in ribosome biogenesis. These extra‐nucleolar or new functions, which we term “non‐canonical” to distinguish them from the more traditional role of the nucleolus in ribosome synthesis, are the focus of this review. In particular, we explore how these non‐canonical functions may provide novel insights into human disease and in some cases new targets for therapeutic development. (shrink)